Expenses, Fees, and Taxes (OR)

Updated Jul 8, 2024
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Settling an OR estate can take considerable time, and incur substantial costs ... costs which ultimately reduce the size of the estate left for distribution to heirs.

Naturally, heirs don't like to see the size of their potential inheritances shrink, and often have questions about these costs. In addition to resolving estate debts as required, typical costs include:

  • Administration expenses
  • Executor fees
  • Taxes

It's possible that an executor is making mistakes or spending inappropriately, but many costs are indeed necessary, and in some cases mandated by law. If you feel that an executor is spending inappropriately, you can talk to the executor about it to understand better and see what can be done, you can object to the probate court (if the estate is undergoing probate), or as a last resort, you can file a civil lawsuit. See ORHeir Rights for more information.

Administration Expenses

An estate incurs significant costs during the settlement period, including court fees, documentation expenses, notice publication costs, appraisal fees, maintenance of assets, monthly service costs, asset sale commissions, and more. These can add up, especially if real estate is involved, but all such expenses must be documented and approved by the court if going through probate.

Estates usually also incur significant legal and accounting expenses, which must also be documented and approved. According to a 2018 Survey, the average estate spends $12.4K on legal and accounting fees alone, with more spending at the high end of estate values.

Distribution of professional services settlement fees, by estate size

Executor Fees

Serving as an executor requires a lot of work, and the law generally entitles executors to reasonable compensation for their services. In 2018, the average executor compensation was $18K, and the general trend was that the larger and more complex the estate, the larger the compensation.

Distribution of executor compensation, by estate size

If the will specifies executor compensation, those specified terms generally prevail. If there is no will, or the will is silent or unspecific on the matter of executor compensation, then state-specific rules come into play. Some executors choose to forego compensation for various reasons, but any compensation is paid from estate proceeds, and has priority over distributions to heirs.

Just so you know, it takes an executor roughly 570 hours of effort on average to settle an estate, and roughly 80% of estates are settled with <800 hours of executor effort. It's almost a full-time job!

Distribution of executor hours per estate, by estate size

Note that executors sometimes end up paying certain estate administration expenses out of their own pockets, and executors are entitled to reimbursement for these expenses above and beyond any executor fees.

See EstateExec Executor's Guide: Compensation for general guidance, including a free online calculator for state-specific executor fees.

Estate Taxes

An estate is also responsible for ensuring all taxes are paid, including:

  • The last year of the decedent's federal and state income taxes (and preceding years as well, if they haven't been filed)
  • Federal and state income taxes for the estate during the period of estate settlement (covering things such as interest, capital gains, business income, property rental, etc.)
  • Federal and state estate taxes (only applies to large estates, and most states do not have explicit estate taxes)
  • Any unpaid property taxes, including taxes that become due during the period of estate settlement

See EstateExec Executor's Guide: Paying Taxes for more information.

Your Taxes

In general, you don't have to pay any taxes when you inherit something.

A few states do have inheritance taxes that tax distributions made to heirs, but if the estate is undergoing probate, the responsibility for paying these taxes actually falls to the executor, who must pay any taxes due out of your share. If your executor is using EstateExec, it will tell him or her if such taxes apply.

When and if you eventually sell something you inherited (such as a stock or real estate), you will have to report the sale on your income tax filings, reporting your gain as the difference between the sale price and your cost basis in the asset. Normally, the cost basis of an asset reflects the amount you paid to purchase the asset. In the case of inheritance, it normally reflects the market value of the asset on the date of the previous owner's death. If your executor is using EstateExec, it will generate a report for you that gives you the cost basis of anything you inherit, for use with your future tax filings.

Inherited IRAs are a little trickier. There a minimum distributions you must take every year, and for a standard IRA, the cost basis of any withdrawals are normally $0, so the entire withdrawal will be treated as income on your tax forms.

See EstateExec Executor's Guide: Cost Basis for more information.

EstateExec™ Leaves More $ for Heirs!

EstateExec is online software designed to help estate executors fulfill their duties, providing state-specific guidance, easy financial accounting, and even the option to work with a lawyer or other interested parties. As an heir, you can help ensure that your estate follows all the rules to a timely settlement by recommending EstateExec to your executor, (who often has never done the job before, and could use a little help). Anyone can get started using EstateExec for free, and pay just a one-time $199 licensing fee (per estate) if it proves useful.

EstateExec will likely save the estate thousands of dollars (in reduced legal and accounting expenses, plus relevant money-saving coupons), leaving more funds for distributions to heirs.

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